Whilst Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) itself is not a mental health disorder, there is a significant link between ASD and mental health difficulties. There are many possible explanations for this.
Autism and Mental Health – Communication
Communication difficulties are central to an autism diagnosis. Thus autistic children may struggle to express their needs or emotions effectively. This communication barrier can lead to frustration and emotional distress which contributes to mental health difficulties.
Social Difficulties
Social difficulties are also central to an autism diagnosis. This can lead to social isolation which is a known risk factor for mental health conditions. Related to this, autistic children are unfortunately more likely to be socially vulnerable. Similarly, at greater risk of bullying which can have a profound impact on mental health.
Non-Verbal Communication
Differences in non-verbal communication can mean that an autistic child may not show their emotional distress in the same way as their neurotypical peers. In other words, this means that the distress is not picked up on so easily by others.
Autism and Mental Health – Sensory Sensitivities
Sensory sensitivities are common in autistic children and this can lead to heightened anxiety and stress levels.
Autism and Mental Health and Changes
Many autistic children struggle to cope with changes and this can lead to increase levels of stress and anxiety.
Barriers
Unfortunately, there are sometimes barriers for autistic children to access appropriate mental health services. This can be due to a lack of understanding of autism by some mental health professionals, longer waitlists for services or limited availability of specialised care.
Autism and Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Autistic children are also known to be more likely to present with other neurodevelopmental conditions, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Intellectual or Learning Disability and Specific Learning Disorder.
Difficulties with attention, behaviour and learning are also associated with higher levels of emotional distress and, in turn, increased prevalence of mental health disorder.
Family Stress and Clarity
Increased levels of family stress where there is an autistic child, which can impact on overall family functioning and mental health.
An autism diagnosis can be very important in providing clarity and guidance for parents, teachers and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, informing what types of support would be beneficial and protective for the child’s emotional wellbeing.
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